Saturday, 26 November 2016
Sunday, 20 November 2016
The purpose
Assignment Topic : The purpose
Roll
No. : 32
Submitted
to : M.A Department of English
MKBU
Bhavnagar University
Batch
Year : 2016-18
Purpose :-
Thantavar
paramasive kailasam was a playwright and prominent writer of Kannada
literature. Born on 29 July, 1886 in Mysore. His contribution to
Kannada theatrical comedy earned him the title "the father of
humorous plays" and later he was also called "kannadakke
obbane Kailasam" meaning one and only kailasam for Kannada.
- T.P. kailasam is famous for his many popular plays such as :
- Fulfillment
- Purpose
- The Brahmin's curse
"Purpose"
is one of the most famous plays by kailasam. The origin of the play
is Mahabharata by ved vyas. Writer pick up the characters from
Mahabharata and tried to put his own ideas and imagination.
In
our great epic Arjuna is the hero and great archer. But T.P. Kailasam
deconstruct the character of Arjuna and made him villain. Eklavya is
the protogonist of the play. He is the protector of the nature and he
has the very good quality of disciple and archer.
T.P.
Kailasam portrays the subaltern society in this play. He puts the
character of Eklavya into center and Arjuna at the periphery. He
gives the voice to Eklavya a low cast Nishadda boy. subaltern doesn't
have the voice. Here we find caste conflict between Arjuna and
Eklavya.
"The
purpose" is a mythical play which shows many facts like
religion, evil customs, ancient time of India. According to
Nietzsche's prospective every writer has their own perspective to
look towards the history and mythology.
In
pre independent era there were many social evil custom which required
to cleanse such as caste system, child marriage and sati pratha. T.P.
Kailasam has dealt with the caste conflict of the society of his
time. For this purpose he attempted to bring into limelight
marginalized characters such as Eklavya and Karna. The story is based
on Adiparva from the Mahabharata. The writer shows that even
marginalized character such as Eklavya can be equal or superior from
high caste Arjuna in Archery.
The
story moves around Eklavya and Arjuna and their purpose behind
learning archery. Both learn archery from the great Dronacharya. But
only the sons of King can learn from the great guru as Eklavya
belongs to low cast Nishadda boy, he is not able to learn archery
from Dronacharya.
Eklavya's
purpose is pure and selfless behind learning archery while Arjuna's
purpose is self centered as he wants to become great archer in the
world. Drona is a skilled teacher renown through out the land for his
wisdom and skill. Arjuna is a prince of a great kingdom. Eklavya is a
tribal boy from a relatively far away area.
One
day as Drona is training Arjuna, Eklavya comes out of the forest and
observes them from a distance. When Drona looks less busy Eklavya
approaches him and asks for permission to learn archery. Drona in
fact wholeheartedly wishes to help him to Fulfill his goal.
Eklavya
is the prince of his caste and lives in the center of his a great
forest. Near his house there are many fawns that him and his mother
care for and occasionally feed. He protects that fawns. It is for
this purpose that he wishes to mastery the skill of archery.
Drona
is utterly wooed by the boy's selflessness. But he is bounded by his
vow that he will make the Arjuna the greatest archer of the world for
this reason He could not teach Eklavya.
Kailasam
has depicted Arjuna as bad fellow who gets into a small fight with
Eklavya and insults his caste telling him that he is low born and
hence, unable to ever compete with somebody of his own level. Very
cleverly Eklavya replies that :
"According
to you the only thing that one has to be proud of in being an Aryas,
is that one is not a Nishadda, if then there were no Nishadda, at all
in this world you poor Aryans would have nothing to be proud of in
being born as Aryas ?"
It
shows the logical power and Sharpness of the mind of Eklavya. Eklavya
tells to Arjuna that according to the guru there are only five
requirements to become a good archer :
1 A
perfect mastery of the ground work of archery.
2 A
power to concentrate.
3 A
deep and fervent love for one's guru.
4 The
guru's whole hearted agreement to teach.
5 Assiduous
practice.
Eklavya
states that nowhere in these criteria is caste mentioned and hence he
should have an equal opportunity. but honor bound guru has promised
to Arjuna that he will make him the greatest archer hence guru has no
choice to turn Eklavya away.
After
rejected by guru Eklavya makes the holy statue of Drona and learn
archery from that statue. After six years later, when Drona and
Arjuna wandering through the forest suddenly they see a wolf
screaming with at least 30 arrows through its skull. They both are
surprising and recognize that he is Eklavya.
Eklavya
tells to Dronacharya that he has learnt archery from him but Drona is
still in dilemma that how can Eklavya learns more than he himself
knows. To this Eklavya responds.
“A
pupil can learn more from his guru than what the guru himself knows
if the purpose of the pupil for learning is nobler than what the
purpose of the Guru's was when he learnt from his guru"
Arjuna
continues to taunting and insulting Drona. Eklavya can not see the
insult of guru and he gives his thumb as gurudakshina and without
thinking for a while Eklavya cuts of his right thumb.
After
that Eklavya overcome with a sense of grief. He remembers his fawns,
the purpose of his entire endeavor that he had just destroyed his
purpose.
Eklavya
was caught between loyalty to his guru (who had made his purpose
possible) and a loyalty to his purpose (for which he needed the guru)
it shows the moral conflict of Eklavya.
The
title of the play is well chosen. As every character has different
purpose for their action. The purpose of Eklavya is noble one as he
wants to protect the fawns and animals of the jungle. While purpose
of Arjuna, is selfish he wants to show off himself as great archer.
He just wants to learn archery because he can win the wars.
Eklavya's
loyalty to his guru is quite admirable but at the end he gained
nothing as being loyal to his guru. So what does one really get out
of bring loyal ? This is the mind of the viewer through out the play.
“In
a desperate attempt to maintain his loyalty to the guru, he gave away
what was not his to give, his purpose”
- Citation:
- Material of the text.
T.P.
Kailasam put marginalized character into center and give voice to
marginalized society. The writer portrays
the character of Eklavya very effectively.
Eklavya's moral conflict is the central attraction of the play. T.P.
Kailasam deconstuct the character of Arjuna in such way that it
gives the another charm to the play. We can find the origin of the
play in our great epic Mahabharata but there is a difference between
the characters of Mahabharata and there is difference between the
purpose of the characters. and Eklavya becomes the real hero of the
play.
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy By Dryden
Assignment
Topic : An Essay of Dramatic Poesy By
Dryden
Roll
No. : 32
Submitted
to : Dr. Dilip Barad
MKBU
Bhavnagar University
Batch
Year : 2016-18
- An Essay of Dramatic Poesy
by
John Dryden
Johan
Dryden (9 Aug. 1631-1700) was an English Poet, literary critic,
translator and playwright after John Donne and john Milton, John
Dryden was the greatest English poet of the 17th Century. After
Shakespeare and Ben Johnson, he was the greatest playwright.
* About
John Dryden
* Born
on : 9 August, 1931 Ad
* Also
listed in : Poets, playwrights
* Religion
: Roman Catholic
* Nationality
: British
* Father
: Erasmus Dryden
* Mother
: Mary Pickering
* Education
: College, Cambridge, West minister School
University of Cambridge
He
is the major voice of restoration age that's why this age is also
known as the age of Dryden Dr. Samuel Johnson quote him as :
"The
father of English criticism, who first taught us to determine upon
principle the merit of composition".
Tn.
1668 he wrote his most important prose work of dramatic poesy, an
essay the basis for his reputation as the father of English literary
criticism.
- Five issues are under discussion in this essay :
- Ancients Vs moderns
- Unities
- French vs English Drama
- Separation of Tragedy and comedy vs tragicomedy.
- Appropriateness of rhyme in drama.
- Dryden wrote this essay as a dramatic dialogue with four character representing four critical positions. These four critical positions deal with five issues.
- Eugenius favors the moderns over the Ancients.
- Crites argues in favor of the ancient.
- Lisideius argues that French drama is superior to English drama.
- Neander favors the moderns but does not disparage, the ancients. He also favors English drama and has some critical things to say of French drama.
Dryden's
definition of Drama :
"A
just and lively image of human nature representing it's passion and
humors and the change of fortune to which it is subject for the
delight and instruction of mankind ?"
According
to this definition drama is an image of human nature and that the
image is 'just' as well as 'lively'.
By
using the word 'Just' Dryden seems to imply that literature imitates
human actions. For the imitation is not only 'just' it is also
lively.
The
definition of drama is divided into three parts.
The
first part evokes that drama is the just and lively image of the
human nature in the central part of the definition he wants to say
that drama must be present the life as it is and it should have the
essence of realism. He ended his definition with delight and
instruction to the mankind.
There
is no artificiality in the drama, it should be natural. There most be
a passion and humors but as a part of life. Dryden uses the word
delight and not pleasure. Pleasure may be sensual and delight is for
the divine in the history of civilization there must be instruction
but if it's come in delightful manner it creates land mark event.
- Violation of three unities :
Dryden's
liberalism, his free critical disposition is best seen in his
justification of the violation of three unities.
French
plays sticks to follow three unities, but they are often betrayed
into absurdities from which English plays are free.
The
English disregard of unities enables them to present a more 'just'
and lively picture of human nature in comparison to French
playwrights for eg. Shakespear's plays are more just and lively image
of human nature.
If
the ends of drama are better fulfilled by a violation of the unities,
then there is no harm in violating them.
The
Ancient us. Moderns Controversy :
In
his 'Essay on dramatic poesy' Dryden has argued moderately on behalf
of modern the mouth of Eugenius one of the four debtors in the essay.
The case for the ancients is presented by Crites.
Crites
favors the ancients and says that :
The
superiority ancients is established by the very fact that the modern
simply imitate them.
Dramatists
and poets after rewarded and encouraged according to their merits in
ancient time but in modern times poets are neither suitably honored
nor are rewarded. They criticize others, instead of themselves trying
to do better.
Crites
argues that ancients closely observed nature and faithfully
represented her in their work.
According
to ancients three unities are ought to be observed in every regular
play.
Eugenius
then replies to Crites and speaks in favor of the moderns :
In
the very beginning he acknowledge that the moderns have learnt much
from the ancients but after their several efforts they have added to
what they have gained from them and as a result that they now excel
them in many ways.
Ancients
did not divided their play into acts. They wrote without any plan and
when they could write a good play their success was more a matter of
chance than of ability.
As
far as the plot or fable of the ancients is concerned it locks
originality.
Some
of the writers of ancients did not follow the unity of place for eg.
Terence and Eripidies.
There
is too much of narration at the cost of action.
There
is no poetic justice in their plays.
Their
themes ofter arouse horror and Terror.
* Lisideius's
view in favor of the French playwrights :
Lisideius
spoke in favor of the French. He believes that the French are
superior to the English for various reasons.
French
playwright faithfully observed the rules of the ancients. The unities
of time, place and action they observed so scrupulously.
The
plots of French plays are based on some well known story, but they
modifies their story by mixing truth with fiction. While modern
dramatist do not modify and transfer their stories for dramatic
purpose.
French
do not burden play with too much plot they give attention to one
single passion to depicts it well but The English more hurried from
one passion to author and so fail to represent well any of them.
French
play give equal value to every character. There is not even a single
character who does not have some in the action.
Another
fact in the English play is the representation of death on the stage.
But according French plays death should better to be described or
narrated rather than represented.
The
French are also superior in their use of rhyme the English also use
rhyme but generally their rhymed plays are badly writer.
* Neander
Favors English Dram :
Neander
favors English drama and has some critical things to say of French
drama Neander remarks about French plays.
"They
are indeed the beauties of a statue but not of a man."
Neander
criticizes French drama, essentially for it's smallness. It's pursuit
of only one plot without subplot, it's tendency to show too little
action observations of the writers dearth of plot and narrowness of
imagination are all qualities which render it inferior to English
drama/
Dryden's
Comparative criticism of Shakespeare and Ben Johnson :
Dryden
says about Shakespeare :
"Had
the largest and most comprehensive soul."
While
Johnson was "The most learned and judicious writer which any
theater ever had."
Ultimately
Neander prefers Shakespeare as compared to Johnson:
Dryden
comments on their respective merits :
"If
I would compare him with Shakespeare, I must acknowledge him the more
correct poet, but Shakespeare was the Homer, or father of our
dramatic, poets Johnson was the Virgil, the pattern of elaborate
writing, I admire him, but I love Shakespeare."
Controversy
regarding use and avoidance of rhyme in drama.
Crites
objects to rhyme in plays and says "since no man without
premeditation speaks in rhyme neither ought he to do it on the
stage."
"Rhyme
is incapable of express the greatest thought naturally.
Crites
argues that rhymes verse is unnatural so it should not in the drama
in counter argument Neander advocates that rhymes should be there in
drama because when we read literature it appears our sense of vision
and sense of listening. So the rhyme words add true to the work
Neander argues that is advisable to use musical language in rhymed
one. He defines that rhyme is sugar quoted ornament which adds
sweetness to the language. So its good to write in rhyme.
- To wind up :
Dryden
displayed his ideas about the drama through his essay on dramatic
poesy in which he has explained the different aspects of drama in the
best way. In this way, Dryden's commitment to the neoclassical
tradition is displayed.
Citation
:
www.online
- literature.com/dryden
Material
of Dryden's essay.
Henry Fielding as a Novelist of Tom Jones
Name : Gauswami
Surbhai A.
Assignment
Topic : Henry Fielding as a Novelist of
Tom Jones
Roll
No. : 32
Submitted
to : M.A English department
MKBU
Bhavnagar University
Batch
Year : 2016-18
Henry Fielding
Born : 22
April 1707
Sharpham,
Somerset England
Pen
Name : Captain Hercules Vinegur
Occupation : Novelist
Dramatist
Nationality : English
Period : 1728
- 54
Genre : Satire,
Picaresque
Literary
Movement : Enlightenment Augustan Age
Henry
Fielding (22 April, 1707-8 October 1754) was an English novelist and
dramatist best known for his rich earthy Humor and satire and as the
author of the novel Tom Jones.
Henry
Fielding was an 18th Century English writer who established the
mechanism of the modern novel through such works as tom Jones and
Amelia. the English author and magistrate Henry fielding was one of
the great novelist of the 18th century. His fiction essay
and legal pamphlets show that he was a witty man with a passion for
reform and justice.
His
best known novels are :
1 An
apology for the life of Mrs. Shamela Andaews
2 Joseph
Andrews
3 Mr.
Jonathan wild the great
4 The
history of Tom Jones a Foundling.
5 Amelia.
* Henry
Fielding as a writer of Tom Jones :
Fielding's
eldest daughter died in 1742 and his wife in 1744 the death of his
beloved wife was great shock for him. Yet during these sad years
fielding was creating his comic masterpiece, "the history of Tom
Jones" a foundling which appeared in 1749.
The
plot of tom Jones is too complicated. It's basis is Tom alienation
from his father squire allworthy and his beloved Sophia western and
his reunion with them, after dangerous adventures in London. The
writer presents the characters of mid 18th century. Henry fielding
makes moral satire on society through this novel.
Tom
Jones is comic epic by fielding. It was published on February 28,
1749. The novel is divided into 18 smaller books and it has gained
immediate popularity despite intense criticism for its lowness.
Tom
Jones is a picaresque novel. Fielding also mixes some Augustan
elements. Such as the mock epic descriptions of morning or evening,
several long tailed similes, and the fisticuffs, scene between molly
seagrim and the villagers in the somerset church yard.
Henry
fielding exploits the birth mystery of tom and he uses as many
characters as possible in more than one role.
Tom
Jones is generally regarded as Fielding's greatest book and as a very
influential English novel.
The
original or full title of the novel is :
"The
history Tom Jones a Founding."
* The
Plot of the novel :
The
novel's events occupy eighteen books. Initially the kindly and
wealthy squire allworthy and his sister Bridget are introduced in
their wealthy estate in somerset. after returning from London
Allworthy finds a baby on his bed. It is the child of servant. Jenny
Jones but she refused to give the name of his father. Allworthy
brings up that child and named him tom Jones. Bridget has one child
name Blifil.
Tom
grows into a vigorous and lusty yet honest and kind hearted youth.
Tom is in love with a neighboring squire's lovely daughter Sophia
Western. Tom has relationship with many women like molly seagrim,
Mrs. waters, lady Bellaston.
Sophia's
father is oppose to their love and he wants making Sophia marry the
hypocritical master Blifil. But she refuses and tried to escape from
her father's influence. Tom also starts his adventures across London.
In London he makes relationship with two older women Mrs. Waters and
lady Bellaston. and very nearly kills a man in a duel for which he is
arrested.
At
the end of the novel the secret of tom's birth revealed that Bridget
is the real mother of tom. Hence he is the true nephew of squire
allworthy. After finding Blifil's intrigues, allworthy decides to
bestow the majority of his inheritance to tom and at the end tom and
Sophia western marry.
We
can consider the novel as a document for the history of the period.
As title itself suggests :
"The
history of tom Jones a founding:"
Through
this novel fielding represents the society of 18th century. The novel
is anti traditional writing by Henry fielding. It has a
unconventional vision of virtue writer's aim is
"Representing
good by displaying ridiculous."
He
portrays morality through representation of immorality. Tom Jones is
a story of vanity and human weakness.
The
characters are full of vices except allworthy and tom Jones is the
imperfect hero of the novel who has multiple illicit relationship
with many women. Henry fielding depicts the monstrous romances, which
arouses comedy and farce. This novel is a comic epic in a prose.
writer has written grave philosophical comedy. The romance of tom and
molly the way tom and Mrs. waters eat the food. It's very comic as if
they make love by the means of food. we finds elements of humor with
romance.
The
novel is long narrative and it has a complex plot and also has
ambiguous characters and relations the uncertainty of birth identity
issue.
Blifil
is the cunning and Hippocratic fellow who plans many intrigues
against tom. Characters have pre marital and post marital affairs.
Characters have sexual perversion and moral degradation. lust and
greed is the central passion of all the characters.
We
can read this novel as feminist view point as all the female
characters like molly, Jenny Jones lady Bellaston are greedy and
lusty. It was not tom but women who first initiate tom for physical
relation ship.
After
all this evil aspects writer gives the poetic justice to the novel as
tom and Sophia get married.
Henry
fielding proves himself as greatest novelist of 18th century by
writing this novel. Very success fully he portrays the philosophy of
life, reflection of society, social and moral satire, feminist
discourse virtue vs vices romantic comedy, moral degradation element
of realism etc.
Citation
:
- Citation:
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/henry_fielding
* www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/….
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_history_o….
“Of Man’s First disobedience in paradise lost”
To evaluate my assignment please click here.
Name : Gauswami
Surbhi A.
Assignment
Topic : “Of Man’s First
disobedience
in paradise lost”
Roll
No. : 32
Submitted
To : Dr. Dilip Barad
MKBU
Bhavnagar
University.
Batch
Year : 2016-18
“of
Man’s First disobedience in Paradise lost”
Paradise
lost is an epic poem in blank verse, by the 17th
century poet John Milton (1608-1674) . The First version published in
1667, A second edition Followed in 1674 arranged into twelve books
it is considered by critics to be Milton’s major work, and it bet
helped
solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poet of his
time.
The
poem concerns Biblical story of the “Fall of Man” The temptation
of Adam
and Eve by the fallen Angel Satan and their expulsion from the
garden Eden. It has twelve book
but here we mainly concerns
with book no. 9 and In this particular book the major theme
is “of man’s first
disobedience.
Satan
in the form of the serpent searches for the couple. He is delighted
to fund eve alone. and very cleverly he gets her attention and be has
flattering her beauty. Eve so beautiful that Satan
loses his all the sense and stand before her as a foolish. he even
forgets to his vision, that
why he come at the eden garden.
Every
writer has their own unique style in portraying the beauty of women
some praises her physical beauty, while some describes the effect
of beauty on other people and in this way they admire the beauty of
woman. in paradise lost we find the effect of beauty of Eve on Satan.
Eve is so beautiful that writer admire her beauty by saying that,
“ Fairest
of creation, last and best of God's work”
Satan
becomes delight to find Eve alone. Here we can read a feminist
approach that 17th century is the male dominant society.
And Milton choses Eve instead of of Adam for disobeying God first.
Because female is easily convinced by praising their beauty or by
offering some gifts, rather than man. And Satan takes advantage of
it. And begins flattering her beauty, grace and godliness.
Eve
us amazed to see a creature of the Garden speak. Satan tells her in
enticing language that he gained the gift of speech and intellect
by eating the fruit of one of the tree in the garden. He flatters Eve
by saying that eating the apple also made him seek her out in order
to worship her beauty.
From
the time of
her creation when she looks into water
and falls
in love with her own reflection and Satan as the serpent will use
this defect against her.
Eve
is amazed by the power of the fruit. She curious to know which tree
holds this fruit Eve follows Satan
until he brings
her to the tree of knowledge
she recoils, telling him that this
is the forbidden tree but Satan
arguing that god actually God
wants them to eat from the tree. Satan
says that God forbids it only because he wants them to show their
independence.
Eve
is non seriously
tempted. the flattery has made her desire to know more. She reasons
that God claimed that eating foam this tree meant death, but then
serpent
ate, and not only does he still live, but can speed and think. God
would have no reason
to forbid the fruit unless it were powerful. Eve thinks and seeing it
right before her eyes makes all of the warnings seem exaggerated. She
reached for an apple plucks it from the tree and take a bite. the
earth feels wounded and nature sigh in woe.
for with this act human kind has fallen. This is the man’s first
disobedience.
The
first words of paradise lost state that the poem’s main theme will
be Man’s first disobedience.’’ using this idea of obedience
Milton forms the basis of his poem presenting two moral paths that
one can take after disobedience the down ward spiral of increasing
sin and degradation represented by Satan
or the road to redemption, represented by Adam
and Eve. throughout the poem Milton shows the obedience and
disobedience by using various characters in his epic.
If we considered entire book of paradise lost, Then in book 1 we first learn of Satan’s disobedience to goes his subsequent fall from grace and banishment to hell. this is the man’s first disobedience”.
If we considered entire book of paradise lost, Then in book 1 we first learn of Satan’s disobedience to goes his subsequent fall from grace and banishment to hell. this is the man’s first disobedience”.
But
here we mainly focus on book no. 9 in which we get the idea about
Adam and eve and learn of God’s command they cannot eat the fruit
from the tree of knowledge under penalty of death. This provides a
means by which man can either obey or disobey the will of god. Also
just as Adam and Eve must obey God, Eve feels that she must obey Adam
as she was created from his rib and therefore is subject to his will.
of
Man’s first disobedience and the fruit of that forbidden tree,
whose mortal test brought death into the world and all our woe.
Eve
was tempted by the serpent which flattered her into tasting the fruit
of the tree of knowledge. Eve gave the fruit to Adam.
Who was at first horrified but who in his love for eve also ate the
fruit. just after eating the forbidden fruit the couple know lust
for the first time.
Christ
sentenced the serpent to be forever a hated enemy of mankind. He also
announced punishment
of Eve, her sorrow would be multiplied by the bearing of children
and that she would be the servant of Adam
to the end of time. here we can find a feminist reading that because
o this disobedience women are still treat as a slave to Man, in
patriarchal society. Christ said that Adam
would eat bread only by toiling and sweating.
This was the curse to man. But more important he lost God’s grace.
As Christ
announced the punishment Death and sin left the gates of hell to join
their father Satan
on earth.
God
made great changes on earth. He replaced the eternal spring with the
changing seasons; he created the violence and misery of storms, wind
hail ice, floods and earthquakes he sentenced Adam and Eve to
expulsion from Eden.
Metaphorically
they fell from the original bliss of god’s grace to the present
state of mortality . Man is noble by nature but he has free will and
hence free to choose and capable of action. morally good or bad for
which he alone is responsible.
The
paradise in which Adam and Eve lived before eating the forbidden
fruits was like a prison. It might have satisfied God, but it would
have kept man spiritually undeveloped. So long as knowledge was
withheld from man his obedience to god was meaningless.
What
man lost by disobedience was only a state of innocence and ignorance.
But now they are capable to find the paradise within himself. This
could not be possible by paying homage to god in a state of ignorance
in Eden’s paradise. Eve sins through weakness of reason where as
Adam through weakness of will.
The
fable or story of the epic is taken from the bible
it is the simple and common
story of the fall of Adam and Eve from the grace of God due to their
disobedience if him. while Milton exaggerates the story by adding his
imagination.
Milton
begins paradise lost by saying that he will sing of Man’s first
Disobedience so that can “assert eternal providence and Justify
the ways of God paradise lost is recreation and has three parts:
- disobedience
- Eternal providence
- Justification of God to Men
God,
being God was by definition superior to every other thing in the
universe and should always be obeyed
in paradise lost god places one prohibition on Adam and Eve not to
eat from the tree of knowledge. The prohibition to not so much a
matter of the fruit of the tree as it is obeying God’s ordinance.
The proper running of the universe requires the obedience of
inferiors to their superiors. By not obeying God’s grace, Adam and
Eve bring calamity into their lives and the lives of all mankind.
When
Eve eats the fruit one of her first thoughts is that the “Fruit may
render me more equal” to which she quickly adds “for inferior who
is free?” By disobeying God, Eve has instead lost paradise and
brought sin and death into her world.
Finally
Milton shows example after example of people who ignore the
responsibilities they have and try
to either raise themselves above God or disobey God’s Commands. The
result is always the same destruction.
Citations
:V
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